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Intelligence is the capacity to grasp the existence of real things and persons and to experience, recall, and reason. Philosophy is the use of applied logic to observe and understand cognitive processes. Gnoseology is accepted as the philosophical branch that observes how the mind learns. Epistemology is the mean specific scientific learning method that consists in measurable evidence of the relationship between cause and effect. Psychiatry is used to help the mentally ill. The first step is to define health and then the disorders that need correcting or cure. Anthropology distinguishes humans from other species; science describes anatomy and physiology, answering the question of "how" man is; sociology analyzes group structures and dynamics. Linguistic organization and the meaning of speech offer important insight into cultural and artistic creativity. However, science is unable to grasp "what" man is, from where he comes, and to what future destiny he is assigned. "Who" man is seems more profound and meaningful. In the last two centuries science has denied philosophy any value in the search of truth, but must finally agree that the more specific human phenomenon is not subject to scientific methods. Phenomenology is a philosophical way of comprehending that science helps to understand, experience, and explain behaviour. Since ancient times, psychotherapy has been utilized as the treatment for pathological symptomatology and suffering. Modern advances in therapeutic techniques as well as combined treatments with psychopharmacological assistance have obtained hopeful results. Neuroscientific discoveries are continuing to explore anatomical and metabolic alterations that can be changed. Interdisciplinary research is the future.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17103-6_1

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