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(2016) Italian psychology and Jewish emigration under fascism, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.
The anti-fascist network and Renata Calabresi
from Florence to Rome and New York
Patrizia Guarnieri
pp. 155-198
The census of Jewish academics ordered by the minister of national education Bottai, in a circular of August 9, 1938, was quite simple to carry out for tenured professors who were all state employees. But the more numerous and lower-status personnel were mainly dependent on the local budget of that university where they worked on a part-time or temporary basis, even for a decade or more: assistenti ordinari and straordinari (the latter sounds higher but is not), aiuti and incaricati (adjunct professors and instructors, temporary lecturers), comandati (on leave from their full position in a high school), or assistenti volontari (mainly unpaid assistants). Scholars who had passed a concorso to obtain the university teaching qualification of liberi docenti were formally attached to a university only if they really taught there on a temporary basis, which was the minority of the cases. Yet most did take part actively in research and teaching in order to keep their title.1
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Guarnieri, P. (2016). The anti-fascist network and Renata Calabresi: from Florence to Rome and New York, in Italian psychology and Jewish emigration under fascism, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 155-198.
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