Repository | Book | Chapter

One of the most outstanding leaders within Second International Marxism, George Plekhanov has interested Western scholars primarily as a historical and political figure, specifically as the first full-fledged Marxist among the Russian intelligentsia. At the end of the nineteenth century he was the leader in putting Russian progressive culture in touch with Western Marxism, breaking away from Populism and, at the same time, resuming materialistic tradition within Russian progressive thought. Among Russian revolutionaries, a few others to be sure had been interested in Marx before Plekhanov. The translations of some of Marx" works into Russian show this clearly. In 1869 Mikhail Bakunin translatedThe Communist Manifesto.Three years later Nikolaj Danielson, a populist, completed the first foreign-language version of the first book of Marx"Capitaland within six months about a thousand copies had been sold. In the middle of the 1870's, an "academic" economist, N.I. Ziber, helped to spread Marx" economic ideas by teaching them in Kiev and writing articles in the journalSlovowhich to some extent influenced Plekhanov's later choices. But it was Plekhanov who first analyzed the Russian situation as a whole in Marxist terms, thereby earning renown as the "Father of Russian Marxism"¹. His writings became the school for a whole generation of revolutionaries. At the beginning respected and venerated, then rejected and criticized, Plekhanov for long held the leadership of Russian Marxism, as its best-known "Master". For years his thought was regarded as true orthodoxy, so that any Russian Marxist had to side with or against it at least until 1905, when harsh political and theoretical criticisms led to Plekhanov's decline.

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3298-5_1

Full citation: